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Friday, 28 November 2025

Time expressions and connectors of sequence


 


Examples

In the beginning
  • First, I went to the barber shop.
  • I had three reasons to visit my granny. Firstly, she always listens to me and gives me a good advice.
  • Once they finished their meals, they hopped into the bus.
  • Once upon a time, there was a sweet little girl.
  • One day, she went to the river with her friends.
  • We had an awful time! To begin with, my girlfriend got sick on the first day.

In the middle
  • They were tired after playing so many matches last weekend.
  • But after a while I noticed things.
  • We went to the movies and after that out for ice cream.
  • My mom found a recipe on the Internet. Afterward, she went to the supermarket to buy the ingredients.
  • We had dinner and then went out.
  • I was really busy today. I had to send some e-mails and I also had to finish the project.
  • She went to the zoo and bought a stuffed hippopotamus.
  • As the cat left the kitchen, the rats came out.
  • As soon as he woke up, he checked his phone for messages.
  • Before he came, we didn't have a good teacher.
  • Later, I took a shower.
  • She worked in a shop. Moreover, she studied very hard.
  • I had a math class and next an English class.
  • It was the moment I knew I love her.
  • I called my mother and then I charged my cell phone.
  • I was happy when I was younger.
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Interruptions
  • She showed up all of a sudden without any invitation.
  • For years my family used to ride a bicycle, but then they bought a car.
  • Suddenly, we heard a strange noise.
  • Unexpectedly, the children in the bedroom started crying.

Simultaneously
  • She talked during the whole meeting.
  • I was studying. Meanwhile, my brother was in the swimming pool.
  • She was cooking while the baby was sleeping.

In the end
  • I expected to fail the exam, but I passed after all.
  • At last, she passed the exam.
  • He scored a goal at the end of the match.
  • He reached home by the end of the day.
  • My parents eventually relented and let me go to the party.
  • My sister worked hard, and in the end, she passed her exam.
  • Finally, she got engaged in March.
  • Lastly, the party ended with the cake cutting ceremony.




Ex. 3


Friday, 21 November 2025

Connectors of purpose





To + infinitive

The most common way to express purpose in English is to + infinitive.

  • The student worked hard to pass the test. 

In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order to or so as to + infinitive are more common in formal English, mainly in writing. The negative forms are in order not to and so as not to + infinitive.

  • We were asked to stay in order to finish the project. 
  • He left home early in order not to be late.
  • Use a plastic hammer so as to avoid damage. 
  • They walked quietly so as not to wake up the children. 

We can also use the structure in order for someone/something to do something.

  • We need to mobilize the media in order for the Government to listen to us.
  • Three different surgeries were necessary in order for him to survive.

So that + clause

We can also use so that + subject + verb to express purpose. We normally use a modal verb with this connector, e.g. couldcanwould, etc.

  • We left early so that we could park near the centre. 
  • He made some flashcards so that it would be easier for his mum to remember the instructions. 

For + noun

We can also use for + noun to express purpose.

  • We went to the bar for a drink.
  • Would you like to go to the park for a run?

We can use for + –ing verb (instead of to + infinitive) to talk about the purpose of an object or action when we use the verb used or when we imply it.

  • This knife is (used) for cutting plastic.
  • Schools are for educating, not for entertaining.

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In case + clause

To express purpose, we can also use in case + subject + verb. We use this form to talk about precautions, when we do something because something we don’t want might happen. 
  • Take an umbrella in case it rains. (=Take an umbrella so that you won’t get wet if it rains)
  • I won’t tell Ann in case she tells everyone else. 
We can also use with the aim of + noun to express the intention behind an action.

With the aim of + noun

We can also use with the aim of + noun to express the intention behind an action.

  • Sarah moved to London with the aim of finding a better job. 
  • She started the NGO with the aim of helping disabled people.

For the purpose of + noun

We can also use for the purpose of + noun to express the reason for which something exists or is done.

  • They organised the meeting for the purpose of brainstorming the problem.

For the sake of + noun

We can also use for the sake of + noun to express the reason for doing something, often for the benefit of someone or something.

  • They stayed together for the sake of the children.
  • Peter had married Fiona in the first place for the sake of her father's property.

With the intention of + noun

We can also use with the intention of + noun to express the purpose or plan behind an action. 

  • He went to Brazil with the intention of seeing the great carnival.
  • She set up the shop with the intention of selling.

For the benefit of + noun

We can also use for the benefit of + noun to indicate that something is done to help or benefit someone. 

  • The company owner sponsored recreational and social activities for the benefit of his workers. 

In a bid to + infinitive

We can also use in a bid to + infinitive to indicate an attempt to achieve something. 

  • The magazine plans to change its image in a bid to atract more viewers. 
  • Sonya went on a diet in a bid to lose some weight before  summer.

For the reason that + clause

We can also use for the reason of + noun to express the purpose behind an action. 

  • The rights of women should be protected for the reason that they bear the responsibility of reproduction of human beings.
  • Mary declined the offer for the reason that it didn't align her goals. 

In the hope of + noun

We can use in the hope of + noun to express the desired outcome of an action. 

  • He applied for the jobs in the hope of advancing his career. 
  • Thomas took a business risk in the hope of making a profit.

With the objective of + noun

We can also use with the objective of + noun to indicate  the goal behind an action. 

  • They held a meeting with the objective of resolving the issue. 
  • The intention of the website is to attract young people looking for jobs with the objective of providing quick and basic answers to queries.

For the express purpose of + noun

We can use for the express purpose of + noun to emphasize the specific reason for doing something.

  • She  travelled to the city for the express purpose of attending the conference.
  • I got my first professional camera for the express purpose of taking photos of parks and gardens. 

In the interest of + noun

We can use in the interest of + noun to indicate that something is done for the benefit of someone or something. 

  • The policy was implemented in the interest of attending public safety.
  • The positions were created in the interest of clients.

With the goal of + noun

We can use with the goal of + noun to express the aim or  target of an action.

  • He started a business with the goal of becoming financially independent. 
  • The book was developed by a team of translators in the interest of with the goal of being understandable to contemporary readers.

In an attempt to + noun

We can use in an attempt to + infinitive to show the purpose of trying to achieve something. 

  • She changed her diet in an attempt to becoming improve her health.
  • He cut the rope in an attempt to free his feet. .

In the pursuit of + noun

We can use in the pursuit of + noun to indicate the purpose of striving for something. 

  • She dedicated her life to science in the pursuit of knowledge.
  • Jim never spared himself in the pursuit of excellence. 

With the desire to + infinitive

We can use with the desire to + infinitive to express the wish or intention behind an action.

  • He took up painting with the desire to express his creativity.
  • Her fingers nerviously itched with the desire to  of slap his face.

In the quest for + noun

We can use in the quest for + noun to indicate the purpose of searching for something.

  • She travelled ther world in the quest for adventure.
  • Many people are ready to changer their lifestyle in the quest for a longer life.

With the aspiration to + infinitive

We can use with the aspiration to + infinitive to express the hope or ambition behind an action. 

  • They launched the project with the aspiration to positively impact the environment.

In the effort to + infinitive

We can use in the effort to + infinitive to show the purpose of trying to achieve something.

  • They collaborated in the effort to support local charities.